Types_of_Satire

=**Types of Satire**=

The three basic types of satire are Horatian, Juvenalian, and Menippean.

Named after the Roman Writer Horace. Horatian satire is a gentle, sympathetic form of satire in which the subject is mildly made fun of with a show of engaging wit. The subject is not directly attacked. This form of satire tends to ask the audience to laugh at themselves as much as the players. http://www.dbu.edu/mitchell/satire1.htm A harsh, bitter form of satire in which the subject is subjected to contempt and condemnation. This form of satire is more judgmental, asking the audience to respond with indignation to the events it portrays. A harsh attack on the subject. "A Modest Proposal" by Johnathan Swift http://www.dbu.edu/mitchell/satire1.htm A chaotic, often formless satire that satirizes the structure of the world as well as its subject matter. It tends to mix genres, collapse categories, and intentionally ridicule everything. Its exact targets are often hard to locate because it seems to attack everything, and it often includes a preoccupation with sexual misfunctions and bodily fluids. http://www.dbu.edu/mitchell/satire1.htm
 * Horatian**
 * Juvenalian** (named for Juvenal)
 * Menippean** (named for Menippus)

Satire is expressed in forms of an exaggeration, juxtaposition, parody, and dimunition.

Puts emphasis on the target's unfavorable characteristics by exaggerating or overstating. //Example: She's as tough as a junkyard dog. She sprinkles arsenic on her cornflakes at breakfast and eats it with a side of nails. "All cartoon characters and fables must be exaggeration, caricatures. It is the very nature of fantasy and fable." -Walt Disney "All news is an exaggeration of life." -Daniel Schorr// http://www.quotegarden.com/exaggeration.html Uses comparison to show either similarities or differences // Romeo and Juliet (//youth and old age; servants and nobles; etc.) [|www.longleaf.net/ggrow/Skspre/Juxtapostion.html] Attacks pieces of literature, music, and artwork and enables the satirist (often an author, entertainer, or advertiser) to use it as criticism to convey a viewpoint //Example: song parodies: [|http://www.cyberparodies.com]// //original: The Soul selects her own Society—// //Then—shuts the Door—// //parody:// //The Soul selects her own Sorority—// //Then—shuts the Dorm—.// //"Satire is a lesson, parody is a game." -Vladimir Nabokov// http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/v/vladimirna380780.html Makes the target appear smaller and more ludacris //Example: [|Gulliver's Travels] by Jonathon Swift//
 * E****xaggeration**
 * Juxtaposition**
 * Parody**
 * Diminution**

Burlesque is a form of live entertainment where the performers present the matter in the opposite style with which it would normally be associated.

A common form of satire performed physically, is a distortion of a form or genre in which the style of presentation is not suited (often the opposite) of the subject matter. A serious subject may be treated frivolously or a frivolous one seriously. The sublime is made absurd; normal emotions are presented as extreme sentimentality and vice versa. //Examples:// //__George Burns__ __The Rape of Lock by Alexander Pope__// http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/235757/Burlesque_Meets_Political_Satire_
 * Burlesque**
 * High Burlesque** - This type of satire is often "lowly" or "non-literary" but takes on a sophisticated manner.
 * Low Burlesque** - The opposite of high burlesque; this type of satire degrades "literary" works
 * Irony** -Satiric humor usually involves some type of irony. With irony the actual intent is expressed in words that carry the opposite meaning. Irony is usually accompanied by a grim sense of humor, a detachment and cool expression on the part of the writer when emotions, in reality, may be heated. Irony can be achieved with hyperbole - extravagant exaggeration or by using understatement. In drama, irony involves knowledge held by the audience but hidden from the relevant characters. Performers may use words that seem to pertain to their situation and mean one thing to them but have a different meaning to the audience who has a more complete understanding of the scene.

Satirists use techniques of exaggeration, extortion, understatements, innuendos, ambiguity, double-meanings, zeugma, and other rhetorical devices. [|www.virtualsalt.com/satire]

Ridicule is the objective of satire. Presenting the subject or characters as absurd, preposterous or laughable is the essence of satire.
 * Ridicule**

//Example: Let me introduce you to a bar of soap, apparently a thing whose acquaintance you have not yet made.//
 * Sarcasm** -Sarcasm is a caustic and bitter expression of disapproval masquerading as praise and is usually harsher and more direct than irony.

//Example: You are possibly the stupidest individual that has yet walked upright on the face of the earth.//
 * Invective** -Invective is an outburst of censure involving an insult or abuse.

//Example: Might I persuade you to stop breathing in my airspace?//
 * Innuendo** -Innuendo is an indirect suggestion or insinuation and bears a closer relationship to irony.

//Example: Dearest sweet child, you simply must desist that intolerable bellowing.//
 * Affectation** -Affectation is an absurd form of hypocrisy. Characters take on or display attitudes or behaviors not natural or not genuinely felt.

According to Vivian Mercier's book "The Irish Comic Tradition" there were three different categories of satire with several subcategories. This is mandatory knowledge for a poet:


 * Aisnes**: declaration; a declaration in prose, reproach without rhyme.
 * Ail**: Insult; verbal injury or derrogatory nickname which sticks, rhymed or not.
 * Aircetal**: Incantation/verse. Divided into 10 varieties with several subvarieties.


 * 1.** Mac Bronn; son of the womb, son of sorrow. This satire is told to only one person. (gossip)
 * 2.** dallbach: (blindness) An Inuendo. In this satire, the victim remains anonymous while the deeds done or not done are explained in detail. Further subdivided into three subtypes:
 * a:** firmly established. Done when there is sufficient evidence for the poet to be able to prove the contention.
 * b:** lightly established. Somewhat questionable evidence exists.
 * c:** Heresay or rumor.
 * 3.** Focal i frithshuidiu: word in opposition. "A quatrain of praise and therein is found a word on the verge of satire" That which looks like praise but is actually derrogatory.
 * 4.** tar n-aire: outrage of satire. A reproach made through negative comparisons about the subject.
 * 5.** tar molta: outrage of praise. Praise soooooo overblown as it is rediculous or even ironic. The praising of qualities that the subject actually lacks.
 * 6.** tamall aire: touch of praise. Similar to tar n-aire but not as flamboyant.
 * 7.** tamal molta: Satire which praises the subject faintly. Merecer states that this could be a praise poem that praises the subject about the shine of his shoes.
 * 8.** Lanair. full satire. The name, family and residence of the victim are detailed in a very public way.
 * 9**. ainmedh: full blown sarcasm.
 * 10.** glam dicind: a religio magical ritual using public satire and incantation agains the victim of a satire.

http://www.ancientsites.com/aw/Post/335895

Satire attacks those institutions or individuals the satirist deems corrupt. It works to make vice laughable and/or reprehensible and thus bring social pressure on those who still engage in wrongdoing. It seeks a reform in public behavior, a shoring up of its audience's standards, or at the very least a wake-up call in an otherwise corrupt culture. It is often implicit and assumes readers who can pick up on its moral clues. It is not a sermon. In general, it attacks types -- the fool, the boor, the adulterer, the proud -- rather than specific persons. If it does attack some by name, rather than hoping to reform these persons, it seeks to warn the public against approving of them. Satire is witty, ironic, and often exaggerated. It uses extremes to bring its audience to a renewed awareness of its ethical and spiritual danger. Sometime if the satirist is in danger for his or her attack, ambiguity, innuendo and understatement can be used to help protect its author. http://www.dbu.edu/mitchell/satire1.htm
 * Characteristics of Satire**

EXAMPLES: the **Type** and the __Example__

__http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/235757/Burlesque_Meets_Political_Satire_ George Burns The Rape of Lock by Alexander Pope__
 * Burlesque**

__All cartoon characters and fables must be **exaggeration**, caricatures. It is the very nature of fantasy and fable. ~Walt Disney All news is an exaggeration of life. ~Daniel Schorr http://www.quotegarden.com/exaggeration.html__
 * Exaggeration**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels -Swift
 * Diminution**__

__**Parody**__ Satire is a lesson, parody is a game.-Vladimir Nabokov http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/v/vladimirna380780.html song parodies http://www.cyberparodies.com/__

__[|www.longleaf.net/ggrow/Skspre/Juxtapostion.html] -says that Romeo and Juliet is an example of it__
 * Juxtapostion**

=__**^Types of Satire^**__=

__
 * -political satire**

Example of PARODY AND POLITICAL SATIRE

Parody-__ __http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/parody____
 * 1) __a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing: his hilarious parody of Hamlet's soliloquy.__
 * 2) __the genre of literary composition represented by such imitations.__
 * 3) __a burlesque imitation of a musical composition.__
 * 4) __any humorous, satirical, or burlesque imitation, as of a person, event, etc.__
 * 5) __the use in the 16th century of borrowed material in a musical setting of the Mass (parody Mass).__
 * 6) __a poor or feeble imitation or semblance; travesty: His acting is a parody of his past greatness.__
 * 7) __It usually relates to justice, morality and virtue and displays anger at the common follies of man.__

http://www.dbu.edu/mitchell/satire1.htm
 * CHARACTERISTICS**__
 * The word satire derives from the Latin //satira//, meaning "medley."
 * Satire in general attacks types -- the fool (stupid), the boor, the adulterer (sinner), the proud (ego), instead of specific persons.
 * Assumes the reader can pick up on it.
 * Witty, ironic, and exaggerated satire is often used.
 * Uses extremes to make people notice new awareness of ethical and spiritual danger.

http://honors.rit.edu/amitraywiki/index.php/Satire

Used in forms of exaggeration, Juxtaposition, Parody and Dimunition. (Steph didn't write this but formatted it) PARODY- imitates a serious piece of work, such as literature, music or artwork, for a humorous or satirical effect. Parody, as a method of criticism, has been a very popular means for authors, entertainers and advertisers to communicate a particular message or point of view to the public. http://www.publaw.com/parody.html attacks pieces of literature, music, and artwork and enables the satirist to use it as criticism to convey a viewpoint JUXTAPOSITION - uses comparison to show either similarities or differences EXAGGERATION- puts emphasis on the target's unfavorable characteristics DIMMUNITION - makes the target appear smaller and more ludacris

__A satire, either in prose or in poetic form, holds prevailing vices or follies up to ridicule: it employs humor and wit to criticize human institutions or humanity itself, in order that they might be remodeled or improved. Satire as an English literary form derives in large part from Greek and Roman literature.
 * Aristophanes, Juvenal, Horace, Martial, and Petronius** all wrote satires of one kind or another, and the tradition maintained a tenuous existence in England down through the Middle Ages in the form of the fabliau and the Beast-epic. The eighteenth century, however, in which poetry, drama, essays, and literary criticism were all imbued with the form, was the golden age of English satire. Dryden, Swift, Pope, Addison, Steele, and Johnson were all great satirists, and self-described heirs of the Roman poets Horace and Juvenal. Horatian satire tends to be gentler and more sympathetic than the more biting and bitter Juvenalian satire, in which the author‹Swift is the great example‹frequently rails savagely against the evil inherent in man and his institutions. Byron and Thackeray, in the nineteenth century, maintained and refined the satiric tradition, as did T. S. Eliot in the twentieth.__

www.virtualsalt.com/satire
 * Satirists**__ use techniques of **exaggeration**, **extortion**, **understatements**, **innuendos**, **ambiguity**, **double-meanings**, **zeugma**, and other **rhetorical devices.**

-lauren wrote this: Mikhail Bakhtin argues that such satire is inherently dialogistic. This suggests that there are competing voices i the text that offer a dialogure over the text's position and values. Such a text has a king of "authorial surplus" in which the voices in a work may overwhelm any possible authorial intentionality. Instead of either a complete relativism (no final meaning can be decided on) or finalized system (where only one meaning can be derived), Bakhtin aruges for a continued negotiation between the voices that can never be finally closed. http://www.satirewire.com/news/march02/women.shtml Asked if the descendants of Abraham shouldn't be pleased about being tapped for an unprecedented second term, Jerusalem Rabbi Ben Meyerson shrugged. "Of course, you are right, we should be thrilled," he said. "We should also enjoy a good swift kick in the head, but for some reason, we don't. http://www.satirewire.com/news/march02/chosen.shtml IN EASIER-TO-FIND COUNTRIES** "How Come No One Fights in Big Famous Nations Anymore?" They Ask "People claim we don't know as much geography as our parents and grandparents, but it's so not our fault," Josh Beldoni, a senior at Fischer High School in Los Angeles, told the Senate Armed Services Committee. "Back then they only had wars in, like, Germany and England, but we're supposed to know about places like Somalia and Massachusetts." "Macedonia," corrected committee Chairman Carl Levin of Michigan. "See?" said Beldoni. Beldoni's frustration was shared by nearly three dozen students at the hearing, who blamed the U.S. military for making them look bad. "I totally support our soldiers and all that, but I am seriously failing both geography and social studies because I keep getting asked to find Croatia or Yemvrekia, or whatever bizarre-o country we send troops to," said Amelia Nash, a junior at Clark High School in Orlando, Fla. "Can't we fight in, like, Italy? It's boot-shaped." Chairman Levin however, explained that Italy was a U.S. ally, and that intervention is usually in response to a specific threat. "OK, what about Arulco?" interrupted Tyler Boone, a senior at Bellevue High School in Wisconsin. "That's a country in //Jagged Alliance 2// run by the evil Queen Deidranna. I'm totally familiar with that place. She's a major threat." "Jagged...?" said Levin. "Alliance. It's a computer game." "Well, no," Levin answered. "We can't attack a fictional country." "Yeah right," Boone mumbled. "Like Grenada was real." The students' testimony was supported by a cross-section of high school geography teachers, who urged the committee to help lay a solid foundation for America's young people by curtailing any intervention abroad. "Since the anti-terror war began, most of my students can now point to Afghanistan on a map, which is fine, but those same kids still don't know the capitals of Nevada and Ohio," said Richard Gerber, who teaches at Rhymony High School in Atlanta. "I think we need to cut back on our activities overseas and take care of business at home, and if that means invading Tallahassee (Fla.) or Trenton (N.J.) so that students learn where they are, so be it." "I've always wanted to stick it to Hartford (Conn.)," said Sen. Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island. "Oh shit, is my microphone on?" The hearing adjourned after six hours. An estimated 2,000 more students were expected to hold a march in the nation's capital, but forgot which city it was in. [|**THIS PAGE**] || Copyright © 1999-2002, SatireWire.
 * Cambridge, Mass. (SatireWire.com) Update** — According to a new study on female alcohol use and blood pressure, young women who consume two or three alcoholic drinks a week are much more fun to do research on than women who do not consume alcohol. Oh, and the report also found that women who have a few drinks each week are less likely to develop high blood pressure. Whatever.
 * Jerusalem (SatireWire.com) Update** — Jews, whose troubled, 10,000-year term as God's "chosen people" finally expired last night, woke up this morning to find that they had once again been hand-picked by the Almighty. Synagogues across the globe declared a day of mourning.
 * HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS DEMAND WARS
 * Washington, D.C. (SatireWire.com)** — A delegation of American high school students today demanded the United States stop waging war in obscure nations such as Afghanistan, Kuwait, and Bosnia-Herzegovina, and instead attack places they've actually heard of, such as France, Australia, and Austria, unless, they said, those last two are the same country.
 * [[image:http://www.satirewire.com/news/jan02/images/geography.jpg width="215" height="160" caption="student testifies"]] ||
 * "Shouldn't we, as Americans, get to decide where wars are?" asked sophomore Kate Shermansky. ||
 * [[image:http://www.satirewire.com/eoe/images/eoe120box2.jpg width="120" height="120" caption="Buy SatireWire's new book!" link="http://www.satirewire.com/eoe/index.shtml"]] ||
 * [|**RECOMMEND**]



1867 edition of Punch, a British magazine which satirized contemporary social and political scene.

**[|www.cartoonstock.com/.../ m/michael_jackson.asp]** http://www.flickr.com/photos/jigisha/79324387/ http://www.israelreporter.com/politicalsatire/PoliticalSatireWholeTruth.jpg http://www.flickr.com/photo_zoom.gne?id=1356128918&size=l
 * [|www.mister-wong.de/ user/mynona/satire/]**




 * HEIL!**

[|http://earthhopenetwork.net/Nazi_Bush.htm]


Hilary Clinton brainwashing the nation

Sources Used: http://honors.rit.edu/amitraywiki/index.php/Satire www.dictionary.com www.wiki.answers.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminution http://www.phoenix-signs.com/I3satire.htm